Sab saum toj 10 Tus neeg muab khoom tawg (breaker nyob hauv Suav teb 2025
Jul 31, 2025
Tso lus
Taw qhia rau cov pob
Ib lub breaker, tseem hu ua Circuit Court breaker, yog ib qho cia li ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob hloov tsim tau los ntawm overcuit Court, feem ntau ua rau los ntawm kev sib tshooj lossis tsis muaj zog {} Circuit. Nws cov kev ua haujlwm yooj yim yog los cuam tshuam rau tam sim no ntws tom qab lub txhaum yog kuaj pom. Hauv kev lag luam thiab kev siv cov ntawv thov, cov kab tawg kuj tseem siv hauv cov tshuab pob zeb, xws li siv los tsoo cov pob zeb loj. Nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam txuas ntxiv ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov kev tsim kho tshiab tau nce, thiab ntau tus neeg muag khoom hauv tsev tau tshwm sim kom tau raws li qhov kev thov no. Ntawm no yog cov neeg muag khoom sab saum toj 10 tus neeg muag khoom hauv Suav teb hauv 2025.
1. Shandong Kaichuan Lub Zog Khoom Siv Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Ltd
Tuam txhab ua hauj lwm
Shandong Kaichuan lub zog khoom siv Tuam Txhab Ltd yog qhov zoo {{paub txog cov lag luam hauv lub zog khoom. Nws tau cog lus rau kev tshawb fawb, kev loj hlob, kev tsim khoom, thiab muag ntawm ntau lub zog - cov khoom siv ntsig txog, suav nrog cov neeg tawg. Lub tuam txhab muaj cov khoom siv niaj hnub nrog cov cuab yeej tsim kev tsim khoom thiab kev tswj hwm nruj. Nws muaj ib pab pawg ntawm R & D cov neeg ua haujlwm uas muaj kev ua haujlwm tas li thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv tebchaws.
Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cawv
- High - Cov ntaub ntawv zoo: Lub tuam txhab siv siab siab - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg kho tshuab hauv kev tsim cov cawv. Cov ntaub ntawv no ua kom cov ruaj khov thiab lub zog ntawm cov cawv, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tiav thaum ntev siv.
- Advanced Technology: Shandong Kaichuan Fais Fab Khoom Siv Tuam Txhab LTD Lub Circuit Court {}}}} {{2} {circuit tshwm. Qhov no tsis yog tiv thaiv cov khoom hluav taws xob xwb tab sis kuj txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws hluav taws xob.
- Tib neeg: Lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem muab cov kev daws teeb meem customized raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Txawm hais tias nws yog rau ib qho me me- nplai hluav taws xob system lossis cov qauv tsim thiab tsim cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov project.
- Zoo tom qab {{0} kev muag khoom muag: Lub tuam txhab muaj cov kws tshaj lij tom qab {{0} Kev Pabcuam Kev Muag Khoom uas tuaj yeem muab cov kev pabcuam raws sijhawm thiab kho cov kev pabcuam. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg muas zaub tuaj yeem tau txais kev pab sai sai thaum lawv ntsib cov teeb meem nrog cov kev txhaum.
Lub ntsiab
https://www.kaichuanpower.com/
2. Schneider Electric Fais (Tuam Tshoj) Co., Ltd.
Tuam txhab ua hauj lwm
Kev kho hluav taws xob schneider yog tus thawj coj thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev tswj hwm lub zog thiab kev siv tshuab. Hauv Suav teb, nws muaj ntev-} sawv ntsug muaj thiab dav - txawv kev lag luam. Lub tuam txhab muaj cov kab ke R & D thiab ntau lawm hauv Suav teb, nrog ntau yam kev lag luam nroj tsuag thiab R & D Chaw. Nws tau cog lus los muab cov kev daws teeb meem hluav taws xob, rau ntau yam kev lag luam xws li lub zog, kev lag luam, vaj tse, thiab vaj tse.
Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cawv
- Ntiaj teb Technology Sib Tham: Schneider hluav taws xob sib xyaw nws txoj kev thoob ntiaj teb R & D ua tiav rau kev tsim cov khoom tawg hauv Suav teb. Qhov no tso cai rau nws cov kev txhaum kom muaj cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, xws li muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tam sim no thiab nrawm} {4 4}} Circuit Couring.
- Ntau yam khoom Portfolio: Lub tuam txhab muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom tawg, los ntawm tsawg - voltage tej yam kev sib txuas rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub siab- voltage Circuit Court rau cov fais fab. Qhov kev sib txawv no ua rau nws kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv ntu.
- Zog - kev tsim qauv: Schneider Electric's breakers yog tsim nrog lub zog - txuag cov nta. Lawv tuaj yeem txo cov kev poob zog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, uas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog tam sim no hloov ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
- Lub Npe Muaj Zog Lub Npe: Nrog lub ntev -}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Tsim cov duab hauv kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, Schneider Electric's Breakers tau ntseeg los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Cov hom sawv cev rau cov khoom zoo, muaj kev cia siab, thiab thev naus laus zis.
3. Siemens (Tuam Tshoj) Co., Ltd.
Tuam txhab ua hauj lwm
Siemens yog qhov zoo -}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} multinational conglomerate, thiab nws cov haujlwm hauv Suav teb muaj ntau. Nyob rau hauv teb ntawm hluav taws xob engineering, siemens muaj ib qho cuam tshuam loj. Nws muaj qhov loj- scandate ntau lawm ntau lawm, R & D Cov Chaw nyob hauv Suav teb. Lub tuam txhab tsom rau kev muab cov khoom lag luam siab- zoo hluav taws xob khoom thiab cov kev daws teeb meem, thiab cov kev sib tsoo yog ib qho ntawm nws cov kab khoom tseem ceeb.
Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cawv
- Robust r & d muaj peev xwm: SIEMENS nqis peev ntau hauv R & D hauv Suav teb. Nws pab pawg R & D niaj hnub tshawb nrhiav cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov khoom siv rau cov neeg tawg. Qhov no ua rau lub tuam txhab txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm nws cov khoom breaker.
- High - Kev Tsim Khoom Zoo: Lub tuam txhab ua raws cov qauv tsim qauv hauv nws cov tuam txhab suav. Txhua tus neeg tawg rog hauv cov kev tshuaj xyuas kev ua tau zoo ua ntej tawm hauv lub hoobkas, ua kom muaj kev siab zoo thiab cov khoom lag luam siab.
- Kev sib haum xeeb: Siemens 'tej kev txhaum yog tsim los ua kom haum nrog lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv nws cov kab ke. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov neeg siv khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau lawv cov hluav taws xob muaj zog, txo qhov nyuaj ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab kev ua haujlwm.
- Kev lag luam -} kev daws teeb meem: Siemens tuaj yeem muab kev lag luam -}} cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb breaker. Piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam muaj hwj chim rau kev lag luam, nws muaj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb kom tau raws li cov kev ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm cov nroj tsuag fais fab.
4. Abb (Suav teb) Ltd.
Tuam txhab ua hauj lwm
ABB yog lub tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb kev ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb uas tshwj xeeb hauv lub zog hluav taws xob thiab cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis. Hauv Suav teb, ABB muaj qhov muaj peev xwm muaj kev ua lag luam ntau. Nws tau tsim ntau cov hauv paus ntau lawm thiab R & D cov chaw thoob plaws lub tebchaws. ABB's Breakers tau siv dav hauv cov fais fab pob, cov nroj tsuag muaj, thiab tsheb thauj khoom.
Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cawv
- Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab: ABB yog paub rau nws cov kev tsim qauv tsim tshiab hauv cov khoom tawg. Nws siv cov ntaub ntawv qib siab thiab cov qauv tsim los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov cawv. Piv txwv li, nws lub tshuab nqus hluav taws xob muaj cov chaw lim dej tshwj xeeb uas tau ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm tawg thiab kev pabcuam lub neej.
- Ntse sib tshooj sib raug zoo: Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov pob ntse, ABB cov kev txhaum yog tsim los tau tshaj nrog cov phiaj pob ntse. Lawv tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog lwm cov kab sib dhos, ua kom muaj tiag tiag-} kev saib xyuas thiab tswj cov hluav taws xob network.
- Kev Pabcuam Thoob Ntiaj Teb Network: ABB muaj kev pabcuam thoob ntiaj teb, thiab nws cov kev pabcuam hauv Suav teb tseem muaj tseeb. Cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem tau txais kev nkag mus sai rau kev txhawb nqa kev txhawb nqa thiab qhov chaw spare, kom ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv ntawm cov neeg txhaum.
- Ib puag ncig {{0} Cov khoom lag luam zoo: ABB Pays mloog mus rau ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom tsim. Nws cov kev txhaum yog tsim los txo cov tshuaj muaj teeb meem thiab kev siv hluav taws xob, uas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab kev txhim kho kev txhim kho.
5. Chant Group Corporation
Tuam txhab ua hauj lwm
Pawg Chint yog ib qho kev ua lag luam ntiag tug hauv Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Nws muaj cov kev lag luam tiav ntawm R & D, ntau lawm muag. Lub tuam txhab muaj qhov loj {2} teev ntau lawm ua haujlwm hauv paus thiab hom muaj zog hom hauv kev ua lag luam hauv tsev. Chint's Breakers tau siv dav hauv ntau thaj teb, suav nrog cov chaw nyob, ua lag luam, thiab kev lag luam.
Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cawv
- Tus nqi -} Cov Khoom Siv Tau Zoo: Chint muaj peev xwm muab tau tus nqi -}}} Cov khoom siv ua txhaum breaker zoo. Los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua nws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab muab cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem khaws cov nqe ntawm qib tsim nyog thaum lub sijhawm ua kom zoo.
- Kev Ua Lag Luam Hauv Zos: Chint muaj kev nkag siab tob tob ntawm Suav lag luam. Nws tuaj yeem teb sai rau kev hloov pauv kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hauv tsev neeg thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam uas tsim nyog rau lub chaw ua lag luam hauv zos.
- Loj - nplai ntau lawm muaj peev xwm: Lub tuam txhab muaj qhov loj - nplai ntau lawm muaj peev xwm, uas tuaj yeem ua kom tiav cov khoom xa tuaj raws sijhawm. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj rau cov loj- cov phiaj xwm nplai uas yuav tsum muaj ntau ntawm cov cawv.
- Hom kev lees paub hauv Suav teb: Chint muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev lees paub hauv kev ua lag luam Suav. Nws cov khoom tau ntseeg siab los ntawm ntau tus neeg yuav khoom hauv tsev, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig rau nws cov khoom lag luam nthuav dav.
6. DELIXI FABLIC Co., Ltd.
Tuam txhab ua hauj lwm
DELIXI hluav taws xob yog qhov zoo -}} Cov khoom lag luam hluav taws xob hauv Suav. Nws muaj ntev - sij hawm tsom rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, suav nrog cov neeg sib tawg. Lub tuam txhab muaj kev muag khoom dav thoob lub tebchaws thiab tseem xa nws cov khoom rau ntau lub tebchaws thiab thaj tsam.
Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cawv
- Ntau Yam Khoom Ntau: DELIXI hluav taws xob muaj ntau cov breaker cov khoom, npog cov kev sib txawv ntawm voltage ntau ntau thiab cov kev xaiv npe. Seb nws yog ib lub rooj tsav tsheb yooj yim hauv tsev neeg lossis muaj cov kev lag luam nyuaj- qib breaker, nws tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom.
- Kev tswj kom zoo: Lub tuam txhab tau tsim teeb tsa kev tswj nruj zoo nruj. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw rau cov khoom ua ke thiab kuaj xyuas, txhua kauj ruam yog saib xyuas nruj me ntsis kom ntseeg tau qhov zoo ntawm cov cawv.
- Kev Tsim Kho: DELIXI FAIS TAG NRHO INTERNATIONS INNENCE. Nws koom tes nrog cov chaw tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tshawb fawb los qhia cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tawg.
- Cov khw muag khoom lag luam zoo: Nrog rau xyoo ntawm kev ua lag luam ua lag luam, delixi hluav taws xob tau tsim lub khw muag khoom zoo. Nws cov kev txhaum tau paub rau lawv txoj kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ruaj khov.
7. Shanghai Fais Pawg Co., Ltd.
Tuam txhab ua hauj lwm
Shanghai Electric Group is a large - scale state - owned enterprise in China. Nws muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab kev nplua nuj hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Lub tuam txhab muaj ntau txoj kev lag luam hauv lub zog hauv lub hwj chim, kev sib kis hwj huam, thiab kev muaj tshuab automation. Nws cov khoom tawg rog yog siv rau hauv loj- nplai tshuaj hwj chim project thiab kev siv cov kev siv.
Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cawv
- Muaj Zog Kev Rov Qab: Raws li lub loj - nplai lub xeev -}} Cov pab pawg hluav taws xob muaj cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob muaj zog. Nws muaj ntau tus kws tshaj lij engineers thiab cov kws tshaj lij uas tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv - qhov tob ntawm cov kev kub siab thev naus laus zis.
- Loj - Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm: Lub tuam txhab tau koom nrog ntau qhov loj - nplai hluav taws xob ua haujlwm hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Qhov kev paub no ua rau nws tsim qauv thiab tsim cov kev sib tsoo uas tuaj yeem ntsib lub siab- tus qauv uas muaj cov phiaj xwm loj.
- Cov kev daws teeb meem: Shanghai hluav taws xob pab pawg tuaj yeem muab cov kev daws teeb meem hluav taws xob, suav nrog cov neeg sib tawg. Nws tuaj yeem sib koom tes tsim qauv thiab teeb tsa ntawm cov neeg siv hluav taws xob nrog lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv txoj haujlwm, kom ua tau tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm hluav taws xob.
- Kev Txhawb Nqa Lub Tebchaws: Raws li lub xeev -}} Cov koom haum siv hluav taws xob, cov pab hluav taws xob Shanghai muaj cov cai txhawb nqa. Qhov no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws ntev- kev txhim kho kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis hauv kev sib tsoo.
8. Baoding Tianwei Group Co., Ltd.
Tuam txhab ua hauj lwm
Baoding Tianwei Group yog qhov zoo - paub enternPise hauv cov khoom siv fais fab tsim kev lag luam. Nws muaj ntev - sawv lub koob npe rau nws qhov siab- zoo hluav taws xob khoom. Lub tuam txhab cov fais fab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim grids thiab muaj lub zog hluav taws xob. Nws muaj cov txheej txheem ua tiav los ntawm cov khoom siv raw ua tiav rau cov khoom tiav kev sib dhos.
Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cawv
- Tshwj xeeb hauv high - voltage wreakers: Baoding Tianwei pab pawg tau tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov high {{voltage breakers tau ntau xyoo. Nws muaj cov thev naus laus zis siab heev thiab kuaj cov khoom siv rau kev kub siab high- voltage breakers, kom lawv ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg tau.
- Zoo -} kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm: Lub tuam txhab ua kom zoo rau qhov zoo -} kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm. Nws muaj cov txheej txheem tswj hwm zoo nruj uas yuav them txhua yam ntawm kev tsim khoom, los ntawm cov khoom lag luam khoom lag luam kuaj cov khoom lag luam cov khoom lag luam ntawv kawg.
- Kev lag luam - ua thev naus laus zis: Baoding Tianwei pab pawg tau ua qee qhov kev ua tiav hauv high - voltage breaker thev naus laus zis. Nws cov khoom muaj qee qhov zoo ntawm kev tawg muaj peev xwm, kev thaiv kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev ntseeg tau.
- Ntev -} Lub Sij Hawm Kev Tsim Kev Lag Luam: Nrog rau xyoo kev lag luam, lub tuam txhab muaj kev nkag siab tob tob ntawm kev xav tau lag luam thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm high {{voltage breakers. Qhov kev paub no ua rau nws tsis tu ncua txhim kho nws cov khoom lag luam.
9. TBEA Co., Ltd.
Tuam txhab ua hauj lwm
TBEA is a large - scale enterprise group that focuses on power and energy - related industries. Nws muaj ntau hom kev ua lag luam, suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub hwj chim kis, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim. TBEA lub breaks siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub zog fais fab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv high {{voltage thiab ntxiv- voltage fais fab ci.
Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cawv
- Loj - nplai ntau lawm thiab r & d: TBEA muaj loj - scale cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov pab pawg R & D muaj zog. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov fais fab hauv cov khoom loj me thaum txuas ntxiv txhim kho cov khoom lag luam los ntawm R & D.
- High - voltage technology technetise: Lub tuam txhab muaj nyob rau hauv - qhov tob tshaj plaws hauv siab - voltage Technology. Nws lub siab - voltage breakers yog tsim los ua kom tau raws li qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ua kom nruj thiab ntev}}}}}}}}}} lub sij hawm ruaj khov.
- Kev Lag Luam Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb: TBEA tau nquag nquag ua nws txoj kev lag luam hauv kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Nws cov khoom tawg rog raug xa tawm mus rau ntau lub tebchaws thiab thaj tsam, uas tau txhim kho nws cov khoom siv hom thiab kev sib tw ua lag luam.
- Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev lag luam saw: TBEA muaj kev sib xyaw cov saw hlau, uas tso cai rau nws tswj tau qhov zoo thiab tus nqi ntawm cov kev tsim khoom tawg tau zoo dua. Nws tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv raw, kev coj ua ntau lawm, thiab muab tom qab {1} kev lag luam muag khoom hauv kev sib koom tes ntau dua.
10. XJ Electric Co., Ltd.
Tuam txhab ua hauj lwm
XJ Electric yog ib qho kev lag luam ua rau kev ua lag luam hauv thaj teb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntse hauv Suav teb. Nws muaj qhov siab - Tech R & D Center thiab chaw ua haujlwm niaj hnub. Lub tuam txhab cov neeg tawg rog tau siv dav hauv lub hwj chim shars, kev siv tshuab, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob tshiab ntau zog.
Nta thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cawv
- Daim Ntawv Thov Txuj Ci Txuj Ci: XJ Electric yog tom qhov tseeb ntawm kev thov cov tshuab ntse rau cov neeg tawg rog. Nws cov ntse muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem paub cov haujlwm xws li tus kheej {1} {{lub sijhawm saib xyuas, uas txhim kho txoj haujlwm thiab kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob.
- Lub Zog Tshiab Sib Xws: Nrog rau kev txhim kho sai ntawm cov peev txheej hluav taws xob tshiab, XJ cov hluav taws xob tau tsim los ua kom haum nrog lub zog hluav taws xob tshiab. Lawv tuaj yeem hloov kho cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb tshiab, xws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cua thiab hnub ci zog.
- Nruam Nraj Tshiab: Lub tuam txhab muaj lub peev xwm innovation muaj zog. Nws txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm hauv R & D los txhim kho tshiab -}} Nplooj duab breaker nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ntau dua.
- Cov neeg siv khoom zoo: XJ Electric muab kev pabcuam rau cov neeg siv khoom zoo. Nws tuaj yeem muab cov neeg siv khoom ua ntej ua ntej {1} {{{{2} {{{{3} Kev Muag Khoom Muag Khoom.
Lub ntsiab
Cov neeg xa khoom saum 10 sab saum toj hauv Suav teb hauv 2025 Npog ntau yam kev lag luam, suav nrog ob qho tib si hauv tuam txhab ua lag luam thiab zoo}} paub cov lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Cov chaw muag khoom no muaj lawv tus kheej cov cim thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb, Siemens, thiab muaj kev nkag siab zoo li kev nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb thiab kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob zoo li cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev thiab siv hluav taws xob zoo li cov khoom lag luam zoo. Nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam txuas ntxiv ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw tsim khoom siv no yuav txuas ntxiv mus ua kev ua lag luam siab thiab txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam. Txawm hais tias nws yog rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub zog sib zog ruaj khov lossis kev txhim kho lub zog hluav taws xob tshiab, cov khoom siv no yuav muab kev txhawb nqa zoo los ntawm lawv cov khoom lag luam siab thiab cov kev pabcuam siab.
